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Études de cas de sociétés Japonaises Mitsubishi Corporation
L’histoire de l’entreprise Mitsubishi Motors remonte à l’année 1870, date à
laquelle la modeste compagnie de navigation Tsukumo Shokai est crée par Yataro
Iwasaki, jeune japonais originaire de l’île de Shikoku. Passionné de pêche et de
navigation, Yataro Iwasaki saisit tout de suite l’enjeu que représente pour les
japonais l’ouverture de leur pays au monde, à l’occasion de l’ère Meiji, et
l’ingéniosité du jeune homme permet à sa compagnie de croître rapidement. Très
vite, sa société, qu’il baptise « Société de navires postaux à vapeur des Trois
Diamants » (Mitsubishi) passe des trois navires originels à plus de trente et
Iwasaki devient alors le propriétaire de la plus grande et plus puissante
compagnie de navigation du Japon.
Mitsubishi Corporation (MC) is Japan's largest general trading company (sogo
shosha) with over 200 bases of operations in approximately 80 countries
worldwide. Together with its over 500 group companies, MC employs a
multinational workforce of approximately 47,000 people. MC has long been engaged
in business with customers around the world in virtually every industry,
including energy, metals, machinery, chemicals, food and general merchandise.
Although the activities encompass everything from trading to business investment,
the essence can best be described as focusing on the needs and seeds of
customers and society, conceiving business models, and reliably providing
functions and services to propel these businesses forward.
For example, in trade, a historical mainstay of MC's operations, they are able
to steadily provide high value-added services by utilizing our frontline
businesses to gather information while linking together functions such as
logistics, financing, and marketing.
When MC invests in a business, they share risk with they partners and add value
to the business by leveraging MC's organizational strength and global networks
to procure necessary business resources.
Toshiba
Toshiba, a world leader in high technology, is a diversified manufacturer and
marketer of advanced electronic and electrical products, spanning information &
communications equipment and systems, Internet-based solutions and services,
electronic components and materials, power systems, industrial and social
infrastructure systems, and household appliances.
Under the management vision of Innovation-driven, customer-focused growth, the
key objective of the Toshiba Group of companies is to provide total utmost
satisfaction to customers worldwide through leading-edge products and
top-of-the-line services.
Under its mid term business plan for fiscal years 2003 to 2005, Toshiba is
working for enhanced recognition as a highly profitable group of companies,
active in both high growth and stable growth businesses.
The company has a proud tradition of achievement. In over 127 years of operation,
Toshiba has recorded numerous firsts and made many valuable contributions to
technology and society. The company is today the world's 8th largest integrated
manufacturer of electric and electronic equipment, has over 160,000 employees
worldwide, and enjoys annual sales of over US$47 billion on a consolidated
basis.
Toshiba is now aiming for enhanced recognition as an excellent global
corporation in the 21st century. Towards achieving this, the company is
developing the required global management structures and systems, and combining
these innovations with a change in awareness that sends a clear message to
customers and competitors.
MITSUI CO
Mitsui & Co., Ltd. (Mitsui) provides an unparalleled breadth of products and
services of virtually all industries and offers customers a highly diverse range
of functions and capabilities. From Sogo Shosha to Full-Service Trade and
Industrial Development Enterprise".
The Company has and will continue using these and its emerging strengths to the
fullest to assist customers in reaching their business objectives. Moreover, it
has a long track record of responding agilely to economic and social trends to
create new business opportunities worldwide.
Entering the 21st century, the Company is working to speedily transform itself
and is accepting the challenge of creating new added value.
Drawing on its capabilities as a full-service trade and industrial development
enterprise, it will continue to respond to the wide spectrum of customer needs.
ITOCHU Corporation
The activities of Japan's general trading companies have achieved unprecedented
diversity. A leader among these trading companies, ITOCHU Corporation has seen
its own evolution follow the same trend. ITOCHU is a globally integrated
corporation with offices in over 80 countries and operations that cover a broad
spectrum of industries. Annual revenues place ITOCHU among the world's largest
corporations of any type.
In April 1997, ITOCHU introduced a new way of doing business by dividing
operations into independently managed "division companies." This was followed in
1999 by the adoption of the position of corporate executive officer to divide
more clearly the duties of top management and the Board of Directors.
The "division company" organization facilitates prompt responses to today's
borderless, rapidly evolving markets, while leveraging the benefits of ITOCHU's
immense scale. Social responsibilities also play a central role in all ITOCHU
operations. This is exemplified by the company's acquisition of ISO 14001
certification, an international standard for environmental management systems.
SUMITOMO
Sumitomo Corporation not only conducts commodity transactions in all industries
utilizing worldwide networks, but also provides related customers with various
financing, serves as an organizer and a coordinator for various projects, and
invests in businesses from the information industry to the retailing industry.
Sumitomo Corporation thus shows great diversification as an Integrated Business
Enterprise.
Faced with the increasingly harsh business environment, Sumitomo Corporation
continues to meet its customers' expectations by identifying and enhancing its
core competence to respond to changes.
Sumitomo Corporation believes its core competence lies in its ability to utilize
its "integrated corporate strength."
THE ALLIANCE NISSAN & RENAULT
Signed on March 27, 1999, the Renault-Nissan Alliance is the first of its kind
involving a Japanese and a French company, each with its own distinct corporate
culture and brand identity. Both companies share a single joint strategy of
profitable growth and a community of interests. To promote this shared
objective, the Renault-Nissan Alliance set up joint project structures as early
as June 1999 covering most of both companies' activities.
To define a common strategy and manage synergies, an Alliance strategic
management company, Renault-Nissan bv (=Besloten vennootschap), is a closed
limited liability company under Dutch law), was founded on March 28, 2002.
Renault-Nissan bv is jointly and equally owned by Renault and Nissan and hosts
the Alliance Board, which met for the first time on May 29, 2002, and holds
monthly meetings.
The Alliance Board steers the Alliance's medium and long-term strategy and
coordinates joint activities on a worldwide scale. Renault and Nissan run their
operations under their respective Executive Committees, accountable to their
Board of Directors, and remain individually responsible for their day-to-day
management.
The Alliance Board:
. is solely responsible for medium- and long-term planning (three-, five- and
ten-year plans), joint projects in vehicles and powertrains, and defining the
principles of the two partners' economic and financial policies;
. validates Renault's and Nissan's product and powertrains plans;
. has the exclusive right to propose the creation of joint companies to Renault
and Nissan, significant changes to market coverage or product offerings, major
investments and strategic partnerships with third parties.
In addition, Renault-Nissan bv is the sole shareholder and manager of existing
(Renault-Nissan Purchasing Organization - RNPO or Renault-Nissan Information
Services - RNIS) and future joint companies. These joint companies sign
exclusive service agreements with Renault and Nissan.
Renault holds a 44.4% stake in Nissan, while Nissan owns 15% of Renault shares.
Both companies have a direct interest in the results of its partner.
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